For example, there is little, if any, sublethal 52 or potentially lethal damage recovery. 101 This is manifest as a reduction or loss of the shoulder of the acute-dose radiation survival curve, little or no sparing effect of dose fractionation or dose rate, and a corresponding reduction in the tolerance doses for normal tissue complications ...
This equivalent relative plastic motion is compared to the specified limit values to assess damage initiation. The equivalent relative plastic motion at which damage is initiated can be a function of the mode-mix ratio (see "Connector plastic behavior," Section 25.2.6).
The α-component represents non-repairable damage, while the β-component represents repairable damage. The damage caused by the β-component is repairable with time, so lowering the fractional dose results in lowering β-component damage to make α/β increase. Theoretically, a very low dose rate (dose/time) radiation …
Proton therapy treatments are prescribed using a biological effectiveness relative to photon therapy of 1.1, that is, proton beams are considered to be 10% more biologically effective. ... The clinical evidence that the use of 1.1 causes unexpected rates of toxicities in high LET regions is weak, perhaps due to interpatient variability and ...
Relative risk is a ratio of the probability of an event occurring in the exposed group versus the probability of the event occurring in the non-exposed group. For example, the relative risk of developing lung cancer (event) in smokers (exposed group) versus non-smokers (non-exposed group) would be the probability of developing lung cancer for …
Note that in this example there are two different values of subgrade resilient modulus given: one for dry months and one for wet months. Realistically, subgrade support varies even more than this simplistic assumption, however, the same method for estimating a design subgrade resilient …
Download scientific diagram | Relative damage rates of plant seeds. from publication: Formulation Development and Performance Characterization of Ecological Dust Suppressant for Road Surfaces in ...
The small white, Pieris rapae, its damage to cabbage plants, its extraordinary growth rate (speed), and its sibling species Pieris melete.(a, b) Pieris rapae, adult (a) and final instar larva (b ...
The prestressed cables used for external strengthening and the suspender cables used for arch bridges may suffer damage resulting from the corrosion or fracture of steel wires. Under these scenarios, the effective areas of the cables will decrease, but the cable forces will remain almost constant, which limits the ability to detect this damage …
If this is the case, then the relative damage rates should be compared by comparing neutron fluxes above the energy required to give the critical spike size, that is JE8 f E) dE; before such an analysis can be made, the threshold energy Eg must be known. An alternative hypothesis is that damage is a function of spike size, and the bigger the ...
The relative damage rates are close to fatigue life ratios obtained from testing except for that under spectrum 5. As we known, the interaction and nonlinear effect of …
The relative damage accumulation rate in each loading cycle can be considered as a parameter characterizing the contribution of load type to the total …
To analyze the occurrence of AE events quantitatively, the rate-process theory was introduced (Ohtsu 1992). Suzuki, one of the co-authors of this article, proposed evaluating concrete damage using ...
RBE (relative biological effectiveness) is a relative measure of the damage done by a given type of radiation per unit of energy deposited in biological tissues. Compared with higher energy photons such as cobalt-60 gamma rays, lower energy electrons and photons produce more dense clusters of ionizations, leading to more …
A non-negligible relative damage rate of about 18.5% is observed at the trailing edge—hub transition. A summary of the damage rate results is provided in Table 41.11. The deviations of the damage rate with respect to the fine grid solution reach from about −17% to + 22% and are therefore considerable compared to the variance of the …
You can prevent damage to buildings and building contents, save money and avoid potential health problems by controlling moisture and eliminating mold growth. ... High humidity (60% relative humidity). Unvented combustion appliances such as clothes dryers vented into a garage. (Clothes dryers and other combustion appliances should be …
Most objects are composed of multiple materials, each with its own rate of thermal expansion and contraction. Rapid changes in humidity will cause minute movement in these materials relative to one another, which can cause physical damage such as cracking or delamination. Environmental Control
212 expenditure is effective for reducing relative damage costs, but at increasing rates. ( b ) Assuming management 213 expenditure remains constant over time, D:M increases when damage costs ...
Serious damage can cause accidents in the unit, threatening the safety of the operators. ... It occurs within the range of 40% to 70% or 30% to 80% of the optimal flow rate. Therefore, when the hydraulic turbine is operating at partial load (generally 40% to 75% of the full load), the vortex band will oscillate significantly due to the complex ...
Surprisingly, the relative variation in damage drops with age: cells become more similar to each other in terms of relative damage, indicating increasing determinism with age.
Radiation induced DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay. ... injection of 131 I labeled antitenascin antibodies into the tumor mass of 30 patients has lead to overall response rate of 34.7% ... in this study, 131 I radiation was evaluated at low dose rate relative to 60 Co gamma rays at high dose rate. Biological effect of a ...
These aspects include operational life reduction ratio, rutting rate, linear and nonlinear relative damage concepts. It was concluded that on average real tires with …
Exchange rates are always relative and are expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries. ... A higher exchange rate can be expected to damage a country's balance of trade. That is ...
Thus the relative damages are quantitatively evaluated from static and dynamic Young's moduli and compared with results of AE rate-process analysis. It is …
Land subsidence and uplift influence the rate of sea-level rise. Most coastal populations live in subsiding areas and experience average rates of relative sea-level rise three to four times faster ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction has reported in several diseases including diabetes, cancer, skeletal muscle disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Wolfram syndrome. Several different methods have evolved to study mtDNA damage including Southern blotting, 8-oxoG damage, or a comprehensive scanni …
Abstract Induced and natural earthquakes will put the rock underground engineering in a state of dangerous destruction during the mining of resources, such as oil and gas. The form of seismic load is regarded as a dynamic cyclic load in general. Generally, the strain rate has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of rock …
Abstract. Materials and Structures (2007) 40:221–227 DOI 10.1617/s11527-006-9133-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Relative damage evaluation of concrete in a road …
The net impact of temperature-related mortality ranges from a − 1.6% [95% CI − 4.3–1.0%] decrease in the mortality rate for Iceland to a 25.5% [6.5–44.5%] increase in the mortality rate ...