The Pidgeon Process, developed by Dr. Lloyd Pidgeon, is both an energy and labor-intensive form of thermal reduction. In this process, closed-end, nickel-chromium-steel alloy retorts are filled with a mixture of calcined dolomite ore and ferrosilicon, which are heated until magnesium crowns form.
Currently, metallic Mg is mainly produced through the silicothermic reduction process (Pidgeon process) in industry. The electrolytic process is mainly used for the realization of the entire "Mg ...
the Pidgeon process. Figure 1(a) shows the flow of the Pidgeon process, which comprises three stages: calcina-tion of dolomite (CaCO 3ÆMgCO 3), preparation of bri-quettes and silicothermic reduction of dolime (CaOÆMgO). In the calcination stage, dolomite was thermally decomposed in a rotary kiln to dolime and carbon dioxide as …
81 energy source and resources, this also emits a large amount of waste gas, ... 141 The Pidgeon process uses dolomite as the main raw material, ferrosilicon as a 142 reducing agent, and fluorite ...
suggested an antenna structure consisting of dolomite as the Mg source and a ferrosilicon antenna as the reducing agent. This microwave Pidgeon process with an antenna configuration made it possible to produce Mg with an energy consumption of 58.6 GJ/t, corresponding to a 68.6 pct reduction when compared to the conventional method.
Thermochemical equilibrium calculations indicate the possibility of considerable fuel savings and CO2 emission avoidance in the three steps of the Pidgeon process: (a) calcination of dolomite; (b) production of ferrosilicon from quartz sand, coal, and iron oxide; (c) silicothermic reduction of calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon to magnesium. All three …
Vacuum silicothermic production process, called the Pidgeon Process after its inventor L. M. Pidgeon, is the dominant primary production method among all processes. It is based on the reduction of Mg in calcined dolomite ore by using ferrosilicon as a reductant in air-sealed retorts under vacuum atmosphere at temperatures between 1200°C and ...
The dolomite resources are mostly found in Henan, Shandong, and Ningxia provinces. ... In the next 30 years, Fushun Aluminum Plant was the main source of primary magnesium in China. The enterprises producing magnesium products were Luoyang Copper Processing Plant and Shenyang Nonferrous Metals Plant. ... the Pidgeon …
There are various technologies for the extraction of magnesium depending on the source, and these are the electrolytic process, the Pidgeon process, and the …
The ideal recovering efficiency of magnesium from Thanhhoa dolomite applying the Pidgeon is 84.6 %. In comparison with results of the magnesium recovering by other dolomites from Iran, Turkey with …
However, the lack of raw magnesium production seriously limits its application. At present, more than 80% of the original magnesium in the world is produced by the Pidgeon process [3, 4].The ...
The Pidgeon process is a thermal reduction process that extracts magnesium from calcined dolomite (MgO⋅CaO) under a vacuum pressure of ∼10 Pa and a …
Vacuum silicothermic production process, called the Pidgeon Process after its inventor L. M. Pidgeon, is the dominant primary production method among all …
The Pidgeon process is a thermal reduction process that extracts magnesium from calcined dolomite ... can be converted into electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves, which in turn can be used as a thermal energy source. The amount of energy absorbed from the electromagnetic field and the amount converted into heat are …
Thermochemical equilibrium calculations indicate the possibility of considerable fuel savings and CO2 emission avoidance in the three steps of the Pidgeon process: (a) calcination …
The Pidgeon process is currently the most widely used process for the production of magnesium. ... and the option of using solar energy as a source of energy for this energy-intensive process ...
The materials used in experiment were in accordance with the Pidgeon process, including calcined dolomite, ferrosilicon and fluorite, and the chemical compositions were listed in Table 1, ... In Pidgeon process, heat transfer occurring from layer by layer for the only source of heat was the outer wall of the reduction pot. And …
Experimental setup for the microwave Pidgeon method comprising a multi-mode applicator (410 mm in width, 410 mm in depth, and 420 mm in height), a stirrer fan, and a magnetron as a microwave source.
An antenna structure consisting of dolomite as the Mg source and a ferrosilicon antenna as the reducing material was used to confine microwave energy emitted from a magnetron installed in a microwave oven to produce a practical amount of pure Mg metal. ... In the Pidgeon process, crushed Mg ore (dolomite) is subjected to a …
Based on the experimental data for dolomite Thanhhoa [19], the mixture has an ingredient of 72% dolomite, 25% reducing agent, and 3% catalyst CaF2 with a mixture mass in each experiment of 250 g ...
In the Pidgeon method, ferrosilicon is an extremely crucial substance in the process to re- duce magnesium from ore like dolomite, the ferrosilicon producing money accounts for …
Context in source publication Context 1 M. Pidgeon was born in 1903 in Ontario, Canada (Fig. 1 work on "anti-knock compounds" under the supervision of Sir Alfred Egerton (1929)(1930)(1931).
Figure 1(a) shows the flow of the Pidgeon process, which comprises three stages: calcination of dolomite (CaCO 3 ·MgCO 3), preparation of briquettes and silicothermic reduction of dolime (CaO·MgO). In the calcination stage, dolomite was thermally decomposed in a rotary kiln to dolime and carbon dioxide as reaction . Carbon …
Generally, commercial-purity pure magnesium crowns are manufactured by the Pidgeon process through the thermal reduction of dolomite ore [18]. The purity of these pure magnesium crowns is between ...
Magnesite, dolomite, and salt lakes are the main sources of magnesium. Relying on the advantages of dolomite and coal resources, China has become the …
Section snippets Pidgeon process. A plant for magnesium production based on the ferrosilicon process was built in Canada in the early 1940s (Mayer, 1944) to produce magnesium at the rate of ∼4500 kg per annum (or 10,000 lb per year).This process (Pidgeon and Alexander, 1944)—later known as the Pidgeon process—is based on …
[63,64] Dolomite is used as raw material in the present industrial Pidgeon process. Several literatures evaluated dolomite obtained from some specific regions, such as Zefreh in Iran, [65] Turkish ...
Producing magnesium metal from dolomite is justified by several key factors. Dolomite, composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, is abundant and ensures a reliable supply of raw materials.
Pidgeon, working with one technical graduate, achieved commercial development of a process to produce magnesium by reducing calcined dolomite with fcrrosilicon, i.e. the silicothermic process.
Thermochemical equilibrium calculations indicate the possibility of considerable fuel savings and CO2 emission avoidance in the three steps of the Pidgeon process: (a) calcination of dolomite; (b) production of ferrosilicon from quartz sand, coal, and iron oxide; (c) silicothermic reduction of calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon to …