Ammonium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula (NH4)2SO4. It is commonly encountered as a white, crystalline powder or granular substance. ... This property supports the reaction of gypsum or anhydrite with solutions containing ammonium carbonate – ammonium sulfate. ... directly introduces NH 3 and CO 2 into …
Chemical reactions involved in the process of conversion of SO 2 gas into FGD gypsum is as follows [8], [10]-(1) ... Yazici successfully improved the water resistance and reduced the sulfate attack of FGD building blocks using the steam curing process [85]. The expansion of blocks was reduced to 0.43% on steam curing from 1.7% (normal) …
Request PDF | Reaction process and mechanism of reaction between FGD gypsum and ammonium carbonate | In order to study the resource utilization of sintering flue gas desulfurization gypsum, the ...
FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock or phosphogypsum, in either batch or continuous mode, with ammonium carbonate reagent to produce commercial products comprising ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. ... (22) 14.01.2016 (43) 21.07.2016 (57) A process for converting gypsum into precipitated …
The present invention discloses a method for the FGD gypsum purity into a continuous countercurrent flow of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate, the method comprising having a countercurrent flow within the liquid cycle, thereby maximizing the reaction product while minimizing reaction time; and further comprising providing a yield of ammonium …
The overall goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility for producing feasibility-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. …
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUEL.2009.01.004 Corpus ID: 98555701; Preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from FGD gypsum in K, Mg-containing concentrated CaCl2 solution under mild conditions
The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake product contains 98.36% gypsum (CaSO{sub 4}.2H{sub 2}O), and less than 0.01% …
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has …
Ammono-carbonation reaction of any kind of gypsum (pure, PG or FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseburg Process is used to produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
The reactivity of flue gas desulphurization gypsum with ammonium carbonate has been studied in the temperature range (20–50) °C. Mechanism of this reaction was suggested and the kinetics …
CIPS will provide technical assistance and samples of FGD-gypsum for the project. In this quarter, a literature study that should give detailed insight into the …
Conversion of FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate were tested at temperatures between 60 to 70°C for a duration of five to six hours. The results of a literature review and preliminary bench-scale experiments are presented in this paper. INTRODUCTION The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act mandate a two-stage, 10-million ton reduction in …
Proprietary to and Patented by Marsulex Environmental Technologies In the Ammonium Sulfate (AS) process, the absorption of SO 2 is accomplished with either anhydrous or aqueous ammonia and converts the captured SO 2 into a high value crop fertilizer. This advanced technology provides a unique solution enabling power generators to achieve …
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough …
A continuous countercurrent process for converting FGD gypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate, wherein the countercurrent with internal circulation of the liquid to minimize maximize and reaction time the purity of the reaction products, ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate further comprising, acid rinsing process and / or the …
1. Introduction. Flue gas desulfurized gypsum mainly comes from thermal power plants, smelters, and large-enterprise boilers, and contains industrial by-products produced through a wet desulfurization combustion process, where SO 2 gas and lime slurry react under strong oxidation conditions. The main component of this gypsum is …
Efficient ammonia desulfurization (EADS) is the core service of JET. From the reaction between NH 3 and SO 2, it is capable of efficiently removing SO 2 from the exhaust gas and also producing valuable fertilizer, ammonium sulfate. Compared to the most widely used limestone-gypsum process in boiler flue gas treatment, the EADS is more efficient, …
Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the …
Ammono-carbonation reac tion of any kind of gypsum (pure, P G or. FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseb urg Process is used to. produce …
The goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing marketable products, namely fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate, from gypsum produced as part of lime/limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. Millions of tons of FGD-gypsum by-product will be produced in this decade. In this …
The overall goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility for producing feasibility-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. …
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Preparation of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from FGD gypsum in chloride-free Ca(NO3)2 solution under mild conditions" by Guangming Jiang et al. ... Insight into Metastable Lifetime of α‐Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in CaCl2 Solution. Guangming Jiang Jing-Ran Mao Hailuo Fu Xu Zhou …
CO 2 sequestration by flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) has become a promising FGDG disposal technology due to simultaneous CO 2 emission reduction and FGDG conversion into calcium carbonate. In this paper, another merit of the novel technology, i.e., the removal of toxic elements (e.g., Hg and As) in FGDG, will be addressed for the first …
Offsetting global warming requires rapid methods to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas. For instance, mineral carbonation of gypsum from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is a potential technology for CO2 sequestration, yet reaction conditions are not actually optimized to produce a recyclable …
itions were reviewed and the information was used to set up a reactor system. FGD-gypsum p. oduced at the Abbott power plant in Champaign, IL was used as a raw …
In order to study the resource utilization of sintering flue gas desulfurization gypsum,the reaction of ammonium carbonate and the sintering flue gas desulfurization gypsum was involved to prepare calcium carbonate and ammonia sulfate.The process of the reaction was investigated,and the reaction mechanism and the reaction kinetic …
DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131134 Corpus ID: 257989159; Collaborative recycling of red mud and FGD-gypsum into multi-shell cold bonded lightweight aggregates: Synergistic effect, structure design and application in …
Goal is to assess technical and economic feasibility for producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced in limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD). This is the 1st year of a 2-year program among Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), Allied-Signal, Marketing Chem. Process Inc., …
FGD gypsum conversion comprises reacting FGD gypsum (calcium sulfate) feedstock or phosphogypsum, in either batch or continuous mode, with ammonium carbonate …
CIPS will provide technical assistance and samples of FGD-gypsum for the project. In this quarter, a literature study that should give detailed insight into the chemistry, process schemes, and costs of producing ammonium sulfate from gypsum is in progress at the ISGS. Acquisition of a high quality FGD-gypsum sample was completed.
Applications of Gypsum and Ammonium Sulfate Change Soil Chemical Properties of a Salt-Affected Agricultural Soil ... then incorpor ated into the soil using disk harrow ... FGD-gypsum, 0; 5800 ...
We report a new class of glycerol-water system to transform FGD gypsum into α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) mediated by trace NaCl and Na2EDTA to regulate the phase transformation rate as ...
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium …
We report a new class of glycerol–water system to transform FGD gypsum into α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) mediated by trace NaCl and Na2EDTA to regulate the phase transformation rate as well … Expand. 34. Save. Hydration reactions and microstructural characteristics of hemihydrate with citric and malic acid.
A facile method to transform flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) to α- calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) whiskers with high aspect ratios mediated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and KCl in glycerol-water solutions was studied. ... the influence of alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides (CnH2n+1(CH3)3NBr, n = 10, …
Applications of Gypsum and Ammonium Sulfate Change Soil Chemical Properties of a Salt-Affected Agricultural Soil ... then incorpor ated into the soil using …